Replay do segunda-feira, 29 de novembro de 1982

FREE SPEECH SHOULD BE A VICTIMLESS RIGHT

Date: 29 November 1982

To the Editor: In his Nov. 4 Op-Ed article, ''The Media and Juries,'' Judge Irving R. Kaufman observes correctly that current First Amendment restraints on defamation suits by ''public officials'' and ''public figures'' have failed to prevent large verdicts against the news media. However, his argument that most recoveries of this kind should be eliminated in the interest of assuring vigorous news reporting and safeguarding the public's ability to become informed is not very convincing. here are three goals that the law on media defamation should attempt to achieve: * Victims of defamation ought to be compensated. If the possibility of defamation is, as Judge Kaufman says, ''the price that must be paid for the blessing of a democratic way of life,'' that price should not have to be borne solely by the defamed individual and his or her family. It should be shared, as monetary compensation (the traditional form of redress for non-monetary injuries) can be shared, by all who are blessed.

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News Analysis

Date: 29 November 1982

By Alan Riding, Special To the New York Times

Alan Riding

President Reagan's planned visit to Central America this week has already stirred political passions in that highly polarized region. The stated purpose of Mr. Reagan's brief talks with the leaders of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras is to reaffirm Washington's commitment to promoting democracy throughout the convulsed region. But many officials and others in the region believe that the real impact of his 24-hour visit, part of a five-day swing that is to begin with stops in Brazil and Colombia, will come from the interpretations that Central Americans give to Mr. Reagan's motives for going. Even before he arrives, the most frequently expressed opinion is that he wants to strengthen conservative forces and further undermine Nicaragua's leftist Government.

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News Analysis

Date: 30 November 1982

By Clyde H. Farnsworth, Special To the New York Times

Clyde Farnsworth

A chaotic world trade conference wound up at about 6 A.M. today after five days of confrontations that gradually gave way to negotiating positions and, finally, a measure of compromise among the 88 participating nations. The product, a delicately worded 5,000-word ministerial declaration, reaffirmed the political commitment to free trade, but it skirted the issues of Common Market farm subsidies and third-world trade barriers - both of which the United States had sought to phase out. In a crucial victory for the United States, however, the statement sought to extend the rules of international trade to banking, insurance, data processing and other services. The trade conference was the first since 1947 - when the international trading system was organized in the Declaration excerpts, page D25. wake of World War II - at which the agenda was the broad outlines of trade policy rather than specific objectives.

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News Analysis

Date: 29 November 1982

By Michael Oreskes

Michael Oreskes

Many of the underlying problems that contributed to New York City's fiscal crisis of the mid-1970's remain unresolved, although the immediate cause of the crisis - the city's inability to finance itself - has been corrected, according to a study released yesterday. These recurring problems are a central theme of the study ''Setting Municipal Priorities, 1983,'' an annual review of city affairs compiled by two college professors. The problems, in the professors' view, include an inadequate property tax system, the city's most important source of revenue; the continuing burden on the city budget of welfare and Medicaid; weaknesses in management of city agencies, and uncertainty about the city's ability to raise the money needed to rebuild crumbling public facilities. The resolution of these four problems is ''essential to the future of the city,'' according to the professors, Charles Brecher of New York University's Graduate School of Public Administration and Raymond D. Horton of Columbia University's Graduate School of Business.

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News Analysis

Date: 30 November 1982

By James M. Markham, Special To the New York Times

James

The campaign for the parliamentary elections in March has started, and the battered and demoralized Free Democrats appear to be stumbling. Rarely has such uncertainty enveloped a West German election. The voting, promised for March 6 by Chancellor Helmut Kohl, could fundamentally alter the nation's political landscape, but some politicians have mounted a rear-guard action to prevent the election from taking place. Not surprisingly, reluctance to face the voters is strongest among the small Free Democratic Party, which in September brought down Helmut Schmidt's Social Democratic Government by throwing its parliamentary support behind Mr. Kohl's conservative Christian Democrats.

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News Summary; TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1982

Date: 30 November 1982

International The use of chemical weapons by the Soviet Union and its allies is continuing in Laos, Cambodia and Afghanistan, according to a detailed report submitted to Congress and the United Nations by Secretary of State George P. Shultz. He accused Moscow of displaying a ''cynical disregard for international law.'' (Page A1, Column 2.) A demand for Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan was issued again by the United Nations General Assembly. The resolution was approved by a 114-to-21 vote. (A6:1-3.)

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News Summary; MONDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1982

Date: 29 November 1982

International The Geneva world trade conference reached a consensus on ways to strengthen the international trading system, even though differences remained between the European Economic Community's 10 members and other countries over subsidized competition in agriculture. Deadlocks between the United States and the Common Market were broken after the conference went into an extended session over the weekend under the chairmanship of Canada's Deputy Prime Minister, Allan J. MacEachen. (Page A1, Column 6.) The Pope will visit El Salvador early next year, a Roman Catholic Church official in San Salvador said. The visit by Pope John Paul II is also expected to include other Central American countries and Haiti. (A1:3-4.)

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BRIBERY TRIAL ACTIVIST JUDGE: PRENTICE HENRY MARSHALL

Date: 29 November 1982

By Ben A. Franklin, Special To the New York Times

Ben Franklin

When Prentice H. Marshall, who is presiding over the trial of the teamster union's president for bribery and conspiracy, was appointed to Federal District Court here by President Nixon in 1973, 46 Illinois legislators signed a public letter ''deploring'' his nomination. The legislators were all Republicans. And Judge Marshall was and is all Democrat. It was, at least, remarkable that he was one of the few non-Republican lawyers elevated to the Federal bench in the Nixon Administration, because he had done what was unthinkable to Illinois Republicans.

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Top Guerrilla Chief in Zambia Is Reported Killed in Ambush

Date: 29 November 1982

Reuters

Zambian soldiers shot dead a guerrilla leader whose attacks on remote communities earned him the title of Public Enemy No. 1, the official Zambia News Agency said today. Quoting the army regional commander, the agency said the guerrilla, Adamson Mushala, was killed Friday in an ambush at his hideout deep in the Lunga national park, ending the longest manhunt in Zambia's history. He was shot while returning to camp from a honey-collecting expedition, the agency said.

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STOCKS FALL IN HEAVY TRADING

Date: 30 November 1982

By Alexander R. Hammer

Alexander Hammer

Stock prices dropped moderately yesterday in heavier trading with issues that responded to specific news developments posting the biggest price moves. The Dow Jones industrial average, which was off 10.30 points at 3 P.M. finished the session down 4.51 points, to 1,002.85. There was nothing in the economic news to account for the late recovery; bargain hunting in some of the depressed issues was cited.

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